Kuyesa umboni ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamalira chitetezo chachitetezo cha zida zathu zotetezedwa (SIS) ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi chitetezo (monga ma alarm ovuta, makina amoto & gasi, makina olumikizirana ndi zida, ndi zina). Kuyesa kwaumboni ndi kuyesa kwanthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone zolephera zowopsa, magwiridwe antchito okhudzana ndi chitetezo (monga kukonzanso, zodutsa, ma alarm, diagnostics, shutdown manual, etc.), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akukumana ndi miyezo yamakampani ndi yakunja. Zotsatira za kuyezetsa umboni ndinso muyeso wa mphamvu ya pulogalamu ya SIS mechanical integrity komanso kudalirika kwa dongosololi.
Njira zoyeserera zaumboni zimayang'ana njira zoyeserera kuyambira pakupeza zilolezo, kupanga zidziwitso ndikuchotsa dongosolo kuti liyesedwe mpaka kutsimikizira kuyesedwa kwathunthu, kulemba mayeso aumboni ndi zotsatira zake, kubwezeretsa dongosololi muutumiki, ndikuwunika zotsatira zoyeserera ndi umboni wam'mbuyomu. zotsatira za mayeso.
ANSI/ISA/IEC 61511-1, Ndime 16, ikukhudzana ndi kuyezetsa umboni kwa SIS. Lipoti laukadaulo la ISA TR84.00.03 - "Mechanical Integrity of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS)," limafotokoza za kuyezetsa umboni ndipo pano likuwunikiridwa ndipo mtundu watsopano womwe ukuyembekezeka kutulutsidwa posachedwa. Lipoti laukadaulo la ISA TR96.05.02 - "In-situ Proof Testing of Automated Valves" ikupangidwa pano.
Lipoti la UK HSE CRR 428/2002 - "Mfundo zoyesa umboni wa machitidwe otetezera chitetezo m'makampani opanga mankhwala" amapereka chidziwitso pa kuyesa umboni ndi zomwe makampani akuchita ku UK.
Njira yoyeserera yotsimikizira zimatengera kuwunika kwa njira zodziwikiratu zowopsa pagawo lililonse la njira yachitetezo chachitetezo (SIF), magwiridwe antchito a SIF ngati dongosolo, ndi momwe (ndipo ngati) angayesere kulephera kowopsa. mode. Kupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe kuyenera kuyamba mu gawo la mapangidwe a SIF ndi kapangidwe ka makina, kusankha kwa zigawo, komanso kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungatsimikizire. Zida za SIS zili ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yazovuta zoyesa umboni zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza kwa SIF. Mwachitsanzo, ma orifice metres ndi ma pressure transmitters ndiosavuta kuyesa kuposa ma coriolis mass flowmeters, mag metre kapena masensa a radar modutsa mumlengalenga. Mawonekedwe a ma valve ndi ma valve amathanso kukhudza kukwanira kwa mayeso a umboni wa ma valve kuti atsimikizire kuti kulephera kowopsa komanso koyambitsa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka, plugging kapena kulephera kotengera nthawi sikubweretsa kulephera kwakukulu mkati mwa nthawi yoyesedwa yosankhidwa.
Ngakhale njira zoyeserera zotsimikizira zimapangidwa nthawi yaukadaulo wa SIF, ziyeneranso kuwunikiridwa ndi tsamba la SIS Technical Authority, Operations ndi akatswiri a zida omwe aziyesa. Kusanthula kwachitetezo cha ntchito (JSA) kuyeneranso kuchitidwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire zomwe mbewuzo ziyezetsa zomwe zidzachitike komanso nthawi yake, komanso kuthekera kwawo kwakuthupi ndi chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, sizothandiza kutchula kuyezetsa pang'ono kwa sitiroko pamene gulu la Opaleshoni silingavomereze kutero. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti njira zoyezera umboni ziwunikenso ndi katswiri wazodziyimira pawokha (SME). Kuyesa koyenera komwe kumafunikira pakuyezetsa kwathunthu kwa umboni wantchito kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1: Chidziwitso chokwanira chachitetezo chachitetezo chachitetezo (SIF) ndi chitetezo chake (SIS) chiyenera kufotokozera kapena kutchula masitepe motsatizana kuyambira pokonzekera mayeso ndi njira zoyesera mpaka zidziwitso ndi zolemba. .
Chithunzi 1: Chidziwitso chokwanira cha ntchito yachitetezo chachitetezo (SIF) ndi chitetezo chake (SIS) chiyenera kufotokozera kapena kutchula masitepe motsatizana kuyambira pokonzekera mayeso ndi njira zoyesera mpaka zidziwitso ndi zolemba.
Kuyesa umboni ndi kukonza kokonzedwa komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu odziwa ntchito zoyezetsa za SIS, njira yotsimikizira, ndi malupu a SIS omwe adzayesedwe. Payenera kukhala kutsata ndondomekoyi musanayese kuyesa koyambirira, ndi mayankho kutsamba la SIS Technical Authority pambuyo pake kuti muwongolere kapena kuwongolera.
Pali njira ziwiri zolephera zoyambira (zotetezeka kapena zowopsa), zomwe zimagawidwa m'njira zinayi - zowopsa zosazindikirika, zodziwika bwino (ndi diagnostics), zotetezedwa zosazindikirika komanso zodziwika bwino. Mawu owopsa komanso owopsa osazindikirika akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana m'nkhaniyi.
Pakuyesa kwa umboni wa SIF, timakhala ndi chidwi ndi mitundu yowopsa yosazindikirika, koma ngati pali zowunikira zomwe zimazindikira kulephera kowopsa, zowunikirazi ziyenera kuyesedwa. Dziwani kuti mosiyana ndi kuwunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, zowunikira zamkati za chipangizocho sizingatsimikizidwe kuti zimagwira ntchito ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo izi zitha kukhudza nzeru zamayeso otsimikizira. Chiwongoladzanja cha zowunikira chikatengedwa m'mawerengedwe a SIL, ma alamu ozindikira (monga ma alarm omwe sakhala patali) ayenera kuyesedwa ngati gawo la mayeso otsimikizira.
Njira zolephereka zitha kugawidwanso kukhala zomwe zimayesedwa pakuyesa umboni, zomwe sizinayesedwe, ndi zolephera zoyambira kapena kulephera kotengera nthawi. Njira zina zolephereka zowopsa sizingayesedwe mwachindunji pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana (monga zovuta, lingaliro laumisiri kapena magwiridwe antchito, umbuli, kulephera, kulephera kapena kuchita zolakwika mwadongosolo, kuthekera kocheperako, ndi zina). Ngati pali njira zodziwika zolephera zomwe sizingayesedwe, chipukuta misozi chikuyenera kuchitidwa pakupanga zida, kachitidwe koyesera, kusinthira zida nthawi ndi nthawi kapena kumanganso, ndi/kapena kuyezetsa kocheperako kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti kuchepetsa kukhulupirika kwa SIF kusayesa.
Kulephera koyambilira ndi mkhalidwe wonyozeka kapena mkhalidwe womwe kulephera kwakukulu, kowopsa kungayembekezeredwe kuchitika ngati zowongolera sizichitika munthawi yake. Nthawi zambiri zimazindikirika poyerekezera ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mayeso aposachedwa kapena oyambilira (monga siginecha ya ma valve kapena nthawi yoyankhira ma valve) kapena poyang'ana (mwachitsanzo, doko lomangika). Zolephera zoyambilira nthawi zambiri zimadalira nthawi-pomwe chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, chimakhala chonyozeka kwambiri; zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kulephera kwachisawawa zimakhala zotheka, plugging doko kapena sensa buildup pakapita nthawi, moyo wothandiza watha, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutalikirapo kwa nthawi yoyeserera, m'pamenenso kulephera koyambitsa kapena kumadalira nthawi. Chitetezo chilichonse pakulephera koyambira chiyeneranso kuyesedwa (kutsuka padoko, kufufuza kutentha, etc.).
Njira ziyenera kulembedwa kuti zitsimikizire zolephera zowopsa (zosadziwika). Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) kapena kulephera mode, effect and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) njira zingathandize kuzindikira zolephera zowopsa zosazindikirika, komanso komwe kuwunikira umboni kuyenera kuwongolera.
Njira zambiri zoyesera umboni zimalembedwa motengera zomwe zachitika komanso ma templates kuchokera munjira zomwe zilipo kale. Njira zatsopano komanso zovuta za SIF zimafuna kuti pakhale njira yopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito FMEA/FMEDA kusanthula zolephera zowopsa, kudziwa momwe mayesowo angayesere kapena sangayesere zolepherazo, komanso kuwunika kwa mayesowo. Chithunzi cha block block kulephera kwa ma macro-level kulephera kwa sensa chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. FMEA imayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi kokha pamtundu wina wa chipangizo ndikugwiritsiridwanso ntchito pazida zofananira poganizira za ntchito yawo, kukhazikitsa ndi kuyesa malo. .
Chithunzi 2: Chithunzi cha block block ya sensor and pressure transmitter (PT) ikuwonetsa ntchito zazikulu zomwe zimagawika ndikuwunika kulephera kwapang'onopang'ono kuti afotokozere bwino zolephera zomwe zingayankhidwe. m'mayesero a ntchito.
Chithunzi 2: Chithunzichi cha macro-level failure mode analysis block block for sensor and pressure transmitter (PT) chikuwonetsa ntchito zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawika m'masanjidwe ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono kuti afotokoze bwino zolephera zomwe zingayankhidwe pamayesero a ntchito.
Peresenti ya zolephera zodziwika, zowopsa, zosazindikirika zomwe zayesedwa umboni zimatchedwa proof test coverage (PTC). PTC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powerengera za SIL "kulipirira" kulephera kuyesa kwathunthu SIF. Anthu ali ndi chikhulupiliro cholakwika kuti chifukwa amawona kusowa kwa mayeso pakuwerengera kwawo kwa SIL, apanga SIF yodalirika. Chosavuta ndichakuti, ngati mayeso anu ali 75%, ndipo ngati mutawerengera nambalayi mu mawerengedwe a SIL ndikuyesa zinthu zomwe mukuziyesa nthawi zambiri, 25% yazolephera zowopsa zitha kuchitikabe. Sindikufuna kukhala mu 25%.
Malipoti ovomerezeka a FMEDA ndi zolemba zachitetezo pazida nthawi zambiri zimapereka njira yoyeserera yoyeserera komanso kuyesa kwa umboni. Izi zimangopereka chitsogozo chokha, osati njira zonse zoyesera zomwe zimafunikira pakuyesa kwatsatanetsatane. Mitundu ina yowunikira kulephera, monga kusanthula kwamitengo yolakwika ndi kudalirika kokhazikika, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusanthula zolephera zowopsa.
Mayesero a umboni akhoza kugawidwa muzochita zonse (kumapeto-kumapeto) kapena kuyesa pang'ono (Chithunzi 3). Kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono kumachitika kawirikawiri pamene zigawo za SIF zili ndi nthawi zosiyana zoyesa mu SIL zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kutseka kokonzekera kapena kusintha. Ndikofunikira kuti njira zoyeserera zoyeserera pang'ono zigwirizane kotero kuti pamodzi ziyese magwiridwe antchito a chitetezo cha SIF. Ndi kuyezetsa pang'ono kwa magwiridwe antchito, kumalimbikitsidwabe kuti SIF ikhale ndi mayeso oyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, ndi ena otsatila pakusintha.
Mayesero a umboni wapang'ono ayenera kuwonjezera Chithunzi 3: Mayeso ophatikizika a umboni wapang'ono (pansi) akuyenera kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito onse oyeserera (pamwamba).
Chithunzi 3: Mayeso ophatikizika a umboni (pansi) akuyenera kukhudza magwiridwe antchito onse a mayeso ochitira umboni (pamwamba).
Mayeso otsimikizira pang'ono amangoyesa kuchuluka kwa makina olephera. Chitsanzo chofala ndikuyesa valavu yapang'onopang'ono, pomwe valavu imasunthidwa pang'ono (10-20%) kuti atsimikizire kuti sinamamatire. Izi zili ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha mayeso a umboni kuposa mayeso otsimikizira pa nthawi yoyeserera yoyambira.
Njira zoyeserera zaumboni zimatha kusiyanasiyana movutikira ndi zovuta za SIF ndi filosofi yamakampani. Makampani ena amalemba mwatsatanetsatane njira zoyeserera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe ena amakhala ndi njira zazifupi. Zolozera ku njira zina, monga kuwerengetsa wamba, nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukula kwa njira zoyeserera komanso kuthandizira kutsimikizira kusasinthika pakuyesa. Njira yabwino yoyesera umboni iyenera kupereka tsatanetsatane wokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuyesa konse kwachitika moyenera ndikulembedwa, koma osati zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa akatswiri kufuna kulumpha masitepe. Kukhala ndi katswiri, yemwe ali ndi udindo woyesa mayeso, koyambirira kwa sitepe yomaliza yoyezetsa kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti mayesowo achitika molondola. Kusaina kwa mayeso omalizidwa kochitidwa ndi Woyang'anira Zida ndi Oyimira Ntchito kudzagogomezeranso kufunikira ndikutsimikizira umboni womalizidwa bwino.
Ndemanga zamaukadaulo ziyenera kuyitanidwa nthawi zonse kuti zithandizire kukonza ndondomekoyi. Kuchita bwino kwa njira yoyesera umboni kumakhala kwakukulu m'manja mwa akatswiri, kotero kuyesayesa kogwirizana kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
Kuyesa kwaumboni nthawi zambiri kumachitika popanda intaneti panthawi yotseka kapena kutembenuka. Nthawi zina, kuyezetsa umboni kungafunike kuchitidwa pa intaneti pomwe mukuthamanga kuti mukwaniritse kuwerengera kwa SIL kapena zofunika zina. Kuyesa kwapaintaneti kumafuna kukonzekera ndi kulumikizana ndi Ma Operations kuti kuyesa kwa umboni kuchitidwe mosamala, popanda kukhumudwitsidwa, komanso osayambitsa ulendo wabodza. Zimatengera ulendo umodzi wokha wabodza kuti mugwiritse ntchito attaboys anu onse. Pamayesedwe amtunduwu, pamene SIF sichipezeka mokwanira kuti igwire ntchito yake yachitetezo, 61511-1, Chigawo 11.8.5, imati "Kulipiritsa njira zowonetsetsa kuti ntchito yotetezeka ipitirire idzaperekedwa malinga ndi 11.3 pamene SIS ili mkati. bypass (kukonza kapena kuyesa). Njira yoyendetsera zinthu zosavomerezeka iyenera kupita ndi njira yoyesera umboni kuti izi zitheke bwino.
SIF nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: masensa, ma logic solvers ndi zinthu zomaliza. Palinso zida zothandizira zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa mkati mwa magawo atatuwa (monga zotchinga za IS, ma amp amp, ma interposing relay, solenoids, ndi zina) zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwanso. Zofunikira pakuyesa umboni kwa matekinoloje onsewa zitha kupezeka pampando wam'mbali, "Masensa oyesa, ma logic solvers ndi zinthu zomaliza" (m'munsimu).
Zinthu zina ndizosavuta kutsimikizira mayeso kuposa zina. Ambiri amakono ndi ochepa akale otaya ndi mlingo matekinoloje ali m'gulu zovuta kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza ma Coriolis flowmeters, vortex metres, mag metres, radar yodutsa mumlengalenga, mulingo wa ultrasonic, ndi masiwichi a in-situ, kutchula ochepa. Mwamwayi, ambiri mwa awa tsopano ali ndi matenda owonjezereka omwe amalola kuyezetsa bwino.
Kuvuta kwa kuyesa kwaumboni kwa chipangizo chotere m'munda kuyenera kuganiziridwa pamapangidwe a SIF. Ndizosavuta kuti mainjiniya asankhe zida za SIF popanda kuganizira mozama zomwe zingayesedwe kuyesa chipangizocho, chifukwa sakhala anthu omwe amaziyesa. Izi ndizowonanso pakuyesa pang'ono kwa sitiroko, yomwe ndi njira yodziwika bwino yosinthira mwayi wapakati wa SIF wolephera pakufunidwa (PFDavg), koma pambuyo pake chomera Ntchito sichikufuna kutero, ndipo nthawi zambiri sangatero. Nthawi zonse perekani kuyang'anira kwa zomera pa uinjiniya wa ma SIF pokhudzana ndi kuyesa umboni.
Chiyeso chaumboni chiyenera kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira kukhazikitsa ndi kukonzanso kwa SIF ngati pakufunika kukwaniritsa 61511-1, Ndime 16.3.2. Payenera kukhala kuyendera komaliza kuti zitsimikizire kuti zonse zatsekedwa, ndikuwunikanso kawiri kuti SIF yabwezeredwa bwino mu ntchito yokonza.
Kulemba ndi kukhazikitsa njira yabwino yoyesera ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa SIF pa moyo wake wonse. Njira yoyeserera iyenera kupereka zambiri zokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti mayeso ofunikira amachitidwa mosadukiza komanso mosamala komanso kulembedwa. Zolephera zowopsa zomwe sizinayesedwe ndi mayeso a umboni ziyenera kulipidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitetezo cha SIF chikusungidwa mokwanira pa moyo wake wonse.
Kulemba njira yabwino yoyesera umboni kumafuna njira yomveka yowunikira zolephera zomwe zingakhale zoopsa, kusankha njira, ndi kulemba masitepe oyeserera omwe ali mkati mwazoyesa zoyeserera. Panjira, pezani zogulira mbewu m'magulu onse kuti muyesedwe, ndipo phunzitsani amisiri kuti achite ndikulemba mayeso otsimikizira komanso kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa mayesowo. Lembani malangizo ngati kuti ndinu katswiri wa zida zomwe muyenera kugwira ntchitoyo, ndipo moyo umadalira kuyezetsa koyenera, chifukwa amatero.
Masensa oyesa, omasulira malingaliro ndi zinthu zomaliza A SIF nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magawo atatu, masensa, ma logic solvers ndi zinthu zomaliza. Palinso zida zothandizira zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa mkati mwa gawo lililonse la magawo atatuwa (monga zotchinga za IS, ma amps aulendo, ma interposing relay, solenoids, ndi zina) zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa. sensor imatha kuzindikira kusintha kwazomwe zikuchitika ndikutumiza chizindikiro choyenera ku SIS logic solver kuti iwunikenso. Ngakhale siziphatikizidwe, zina mwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga gawo la sensa ya njira yoyezetsa umboni zaperekedwa mu Table 1. Gulu 1: Zolinga zoyeserera zoyeserera za Sensor Njira madoko oyeretsa / fufuzani mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, kukulitsa kwakukulu komwe kumadziwika Kuwunika kwamkati, kuthamanga kwanthawi yayitali. diagnostics ngati alipo Sensor calibration (5 point) yokhala ndi njira yofananira yolowera ku sensa, yotsimikiziridwa mpaka ku DCS, cheke cheke Trip point fufuzani High/High-High-Low/Low-Low-Low Redundancy, kuvota kutayika Kwachilendo, kupatuka, matenda. ma alarm Bypass ndi ma alarm, chepetsani Kuzindikira kwa Ogwiritsa Kusamutsa Kulephera Kotetezedwa kotsimikizika Kuyesa machitidwe ogwirizana (monga kuyeretsa, kufufuza kutentha, ndi zina zotero) ndi zida zothandizira Kuyang'anira thupi Kumaliza zolembedwa zomwe zapezeka komanso kumanzere Kuyesa kwaumboni wotsimikiza: Ngati umboni wathunthu. kuyezetsa kwachitika, gawo la logic solver pokwaniritsa chitetezo cha SIF ndi zochita zina zofananira (monga ma alarm, kukonzanso, zodutsa, kuwunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito, HMI, ndi zina zotero) zimayesedwa. Kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kocheperako kuyenera kukwaniritsa mayeso onsewa ngati gawo la mayeso omwe akupitilira. Wopanga logic solver ayenera kukhala ndi njira yoyeserera yotsimikizira mu bukhu lachitetezo cha chipangizocho. Ngati sichoncho, ndipo pang'onopang'ono, mphamvu ya solver logic iyenera kuyendetsedwa panjinga, ndipo zolembera zowunikira zowunikira, nyali zamawonekedwe, ma voltages amagetsi, maulalo olumikizirana ndi redundancy ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Macheke awa ayenera kuchitidwa musanayambe kuyesedwa kwathunthu kwa umboni.Musaganize kuti pulogalamuyo ndi yabwino kwanthawizonse ndipo zomveka siziyenera kuyesedwa pambuyo poyesa umboni woyambirira monga mapulogalamu osadziwika, osaloleka komanso osayesedwa ndi kusintha kwa hardware ndi mapulogalamu. zosintha zimatha kulowa m'makina pakapita nthawi ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa munzeru yanu yonse yoyesa umboni. Kasamalidwe ka zosintha, kukonza, ndi kukonzanso zipika ziyenera kuwunikiridwanso kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi zaposachedwa komanso zosamalidwa bwino, ndipo ngati zingatheke, pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kufananizidwa ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera zaposachedwa.Care iyeneranso kutengedwa kuyesa malingaliro onse ogwiritsira ntchito. ntchito zothandizira zowunikira ndi zowunikira (monga ma watchdogs, maulalo olumikizirana, zida zachitetezo cha pa intaneti, ndi zina). Mayeso omaliza otsimikizira: Zinthu zambiri zomaliza ndi ma valve, komabe, zoyambira zida zozungulira, ma drive osinthika ndi zida zina zamagetsi monga zolumikizira ndi ma circuit. osweka amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zomaliza ndipo njira zawo zolephera ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuyesedwa kwa umboni.Njira zolephera zoyamba za mavavu akukakamira, nthawi yoyankha imachedwa kwambiri kapena yothamanga kwambiri, ndikutuluka, zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito ya valve. pa nthawi ya ulendo. Ngakhale kuyesa valavu pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, Ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsutsana ndi kupunthwa kwa SIF pomwe mbewuyo ikugwira ntchito. Mavavu ambiri a SIS nthawi zambiri amayesedwa pomwe mbewuyo ili pansi pa zero, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri pakugwirira ntchito. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kudziwa za kupanikizika koyipa kwambiri kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi ma valve ndi kuwonongeka kwa njira, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa mu valavu ndi mawonekedwe a actuator ndi sizing.Kawirikawiri, kulipiritsa kusayesa pamachitidwe ogwirira ntchito, kukakamiza kowonjezera chitetezo / thrust/torque margin imawonjezedwa kwa valve actuator ndipo kuyezetsa kocheperako kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa koyambira. Zitsanzo za mayeso osayembekezekawa ndi pomwe nthawi yoyankhira ma valve imayikidwa nthawi yake, chowongolera chanzeru kapena chowongolera chamagetsi cha digito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula kuthamanga kwa valavu / malo opindikira kapena siginecha, kapena kuwunika pasadakhale kumachitika pakuyesa umboni ndikuyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso am'mbuyomu kapena zoyambira kuti azindikire kuwonongeka kwa ma valve, kuwonetsa kulephera komwe kungachitike. Komanso, ngati kutsekedwa mwamphamvu (TSO) ndikofunikira, kungosinja valavu sikungayesere kutayikira ndipo kuyezetsa kwa valve nthawi ndi nthawi kuyenera kuchitidwa. ISA TR96.05.02 idapangidwa kuti ipereke chitsogozo pamiyezo inayi yoyezetsa ya mavavu a SIS ndi mavavu awo oyeserera, kutengera momwe mayesowo amapangidwira. Anthu (makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito) akulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo gawo popanga lipoti laukadaulo ili (contact crobinson@isa.org). Kutentha kwapakati kumatha kukhudzanso kugundana kwa ma valve, kotero kuti ma valve oyesera m'nyengo yotentha nthawi zambiri asakhale ovuta kwambiri kugundana. poyerekeza ndi ntchito yozizira nyengo. Chotsatira chake, kuyezetsa umboni kwa ma valve pa kutentha kosasinthasintha kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kumapereka chidziwitso chokhazikika pakuyesa kosavomerezeka kuti zitsimikizidwe za kuwonongeka kwa ma valve. amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya valve. Siginecha yoyambira ya valve ikhoza kufunsidwa ngati gawo la oda yanu yogulira kapena mutha kupanga imodzi panthawi yoyeserera koyambira kuti ikhale yoyambira. Siginecha ya valve iyenera kuchitidwa pakutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valve. Kuwunika kwapamwamba kwa valve kuyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulipo. Izi zitha kukuthandizani ngati valavu yanu ikuwonongeka pofananiza siginecha zoyeserera zoyeserera ndi zowunikira ndi maziko anu. Mayesero amtunduwu angathandize kubweza chifukwa chosayesa valavu pazovuta kwambiri zogwirira ntchito.Siginecha ya valve panthawi yoyesera umboni ikhozanso kulemba nthawi yoyankhira ndi masitampu a nthawi, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa stopwatch. Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yoyankhira ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa valve ndi kuchuluka kwa kukangana kusuntha valavu. Ngakhale kuti palibe miyezo yokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yoyankhira ma valve, njira yolakwika ya kusintha kuchokera ku mayeso a umboni kupita ku umboni wotsimikizira kutayika kwa chitetezo cha valve ndi ntchito. Kuyesa kwamakono kwa ma valve a SIS kuyenera kukhala ndi siginecha ya valve ngati njira yabwino yopangira uinjiniya. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwa chida cha valve chiyenera kuyezedwa panthawi yoyesa umboni. Ngakhale kuti kasupe wa valve wa valve yobwerera ku kasupe ndi yomwe imatseka valavu, mphamvu kapena torque yomwe ikukhudzidwa imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kasupe wa valve kumangirizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa valve (pa Lamulo la Hooke, F = kX). Ngati kupanikizika kwanu kuli kochepa, kasupe sangapanikizike kwambiri, choncho mphamvu yocheperapo idzakhalapo kuti musunthe valavu ikafunika. Ngakhale siziphatikizidwe, zina mwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga gawo la valavu ya ndondomeko yoyesera umboni zaperekedwa mu Table 2. Table 2: Malingaliro omaliza a ma valve a valve Kuyesa chitetezo cha valve pa ntchito yothamanga (zabwino koma nthawi zambiri sizinachitike), ndi nthawi ya kuyankha kwa valve. Tsimikizirani redundancy Kuyeserera kwachitetezo cha valve pa zero kusiyana kwa zero komanso nthawi yoyankha ya valve. Tsimikizirani kuperewera Thamangani siginecha ya valavu ndi zoyezetsa ngati gawo la mayeso otsimikizira ndikuyerekeza ndi zoyambira ndi zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu Yang'anani kachitidwe ka valve (kuchita bwino popanda kugwedezeka kwachilendo kapena phokoso, ndi zina). Tsimikizirani gawo la valavu ndi chiwonetsero cha malo pa DCS Kumenya valavu kwathunthu kasanu pakuyesa umboni kuti mutsimikizire kudalirika kwa valavu. (Izi sizinakonzedwe kuti zikonze zowononga kwambiri kapena zolephera zoyambira). Unikaninso zolemba zosamalira ma valve kuti muwonetsetse kuti zosintha zilizonse zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za valavu ya SRS Kuwunika koyesa kwa makina opatsa mphamvu kupita kuulendo Kutayikira ngati Tight Shut Off (TSO) ikufunika Tsimikizirani kuti lamulo silikugwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito a alamu Yang'anani gulu la valve ndi zamkati Chotsani, yesani ndikumanganso ngati n'koyenera Malizitsani zolembedwa monga zopezeka komanso kumanzere Zolemba za Solenoids Yerekezerani kutulutsa mpweya kuti mupereke nthawi yoyankhira yofunikira. Muunikirani magwiridwe antchito ndi wowongolera valavu ya digito kapena malo anzeru Tsimikizirani magwiridwe antchito a solenoid (monga 1oo2, 2oo3) Kupatsirana Kwapakati Tsimikizirani kugwira ntchito moyenera, kuwunika kwa chipangizo
SIF nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magawo atatu, masensa, ma logic solvers ndi zinthu zomaliza. Palinso zida zothandizira zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa mkati mwa magawo atatuwa (monga zotchinga za IS, ma amp amp, ma interposing relay, solenoids, ndi zina) zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwanso.
Mayeso a umboni wa sensa: Kuyesa kwa umboni wa sensor kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti sensa imatha kuzindikira kusinthasintha kwazomwe zikuchitika ndikutumiza chizindikiro choyenera ku SIS logic solver kuti iwunikenso. Ngakhale siziphatikizidwe, zina mwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga gawo la sensa ya njira yoyesera umboni zaperekedwa mu Gulu 1.
Mayeso otsimikizira zotsimikizira: Kuyesa kwa umboni wonse kukachitika, gawo la womasulira logic pokwaniritsa chitetezo cha SIF ndi zochita zina zofananira (monga ma alarm, kukonzanso, zodutsa, zowunikira ogwiritsa ntchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito, HMI, ndi zina zotero) zimayesedwa. Kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kocheperako kuyenera kukwaniritsa mayeso onsewa ngati gawo la mayeso omwe akupitilira. Wopanga logic solver ayenera kukhala ndi njira yoyeserera yotsimikizira mu bukhu lachitetezo cha chipangizocho. Ngati sichoncho, ndipo pang'onopang'ono, mphamvu ya solver logic iyenera kuyendetsedwa panjinga, ndipo zolembera zowunikira zowunikira, nyali zamawonekedwe, ma voltages amagetsi, maulalo olumikizirana ndi redundancy ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Macheke awa ayenera kuchitidwa musanayese mayeso otsimikizira ntchito zonse.
Musaganize kuti pulogalamuyo ndi yabwino kwamuyaya ndipo malingaliro sayenera kuyesedwa pambuyo poyesedwa koyambirira kwa umboni monga zosalembedwa, zosavomerezeka komanso zosayesedwa ndi kusintha kwa hardware ndi zosintha zamapulogalamu zimatha kulowa mu machitidwe pakapita nthawi ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzonse zanu. umboni wa filosofi. Kasamalidwe ka zosintha, kukonza, ndi kukonzanso zipika ziyenera kuwunikiridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi zaposachedwa komanso zosamaliridwa bwino, ndipo ngati zingatheke, pulogalamu yofunsira iyenera kufananizidwa ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera zaposachedwa.
Chisamaliro chiyeneranso kuyesedwa kuyesa ntchito zonse zothandizira logic solver ndi zowunikira (monga mawotchi, maulalo olumikizirana, zida zachitetezo cha pa intaneti, ndi zina).
Mayeso omaliza otsimikizira zinthu: Zinthu zambiri zomaliza ndi ma valve, komabe, zoyambira zamagalimoto zozungulira, zoyendetsa-liwiro ndi zida zina zamagetsi monga zolumikizira ndi zowononga ma circuit zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zomaliza ndipo njira zolepherera ziyenera kuyesedwa ndikuyesedwa.
Njira zolephereka zoyambira za ma valve zikukakamira, nthawi yoyankhira pang'onopang'ono kapena mwachangu kwambiri, komanso kutayikira, zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ma valve pa nthawi yaulendo. Ngakhale kuyesa valavu pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, Ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsutsana ndi kupunthwa kwa SIF pomwe mbewuyo ikugwira ntchito. Mavavu ambiri a SIS nthawi zambiri amayesedwa pomwe mbewuyo ili pansi pa zero, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri pakugwirira ntchito. Wogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kudziwa za kupanikizika koyipa kwambiri kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi ma valve ndi kuwonongeka kwa ndondomeko, zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe ka valve ndi actuator ndi kukula kwake.
Nthawi zambiri, kubwezera kusayezetsa pamachitidwe ogwirira ntchito, kukakamiza kowonjezera kwachitetezo / kukwera / ma torque kumawonjezedwa ku cholumikizira valavu ndipo kuyezetsa kocheperako kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa koyambira. Zitsanzo za mayeso osayembekezekawa ndi pomwe nthawi yoyankhira ma valve imayikidwa nthawi yake, chowongolera chanzeru kapena chowongolera chamagetsi cha digito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula kuthamanga kwa valavu / malo opindikira kapena siginecha, kapena kuwunika pasadakhale kumachitika pakuyesa umboni ndikuyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso am'mbuyomu kapena zoyambira kuti azindikire kuwonongeka kwa ma valve, kuwonetsa kulephera komwe kungachitike. Komanso, ngati kutsekedwa mwamphamvu (TSO) ndikofunikira, kungosinja valavu sikungayesere kutayikira ndipo kuyezetsa kwa valve nthawi ndi nthawi kuyenera kuchitidwa. ISA TR96.05.02 idapangidwa kuti ipereke chitsogozo pamiyezo inayi yoyezetsa ya mavavu a SIS ndi mavavu awo oyeserera, kutengera momwe mayesowo amapangidwira. Anthu (makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito) amalimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo gawo popanga lipoti laukadaulo ili (contact crobinson@isa.org).
Kutentha kozungulira kumatha kukhudzanso kugundana kwa ma valve, kotero kuti mavavu oyesa m'nyengo yofunda nthawi zambiri azikhala ovutikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nyengo yozizira. Chotsatira chake, kuyesedwa kwa umboni wa ma valve pa kutentha kosasinthasintha kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kupereke deta yokhazikika yoyesera mopanda malire kuti adziwe kuwonongeka kwa valve.
Mavavu okhala ndi malo anzeru kapena chowongolera ma valve a digito nthawi zambiri amatha kupanga siginecha ya valve yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira kuwonongeka kwa ma valve. Siginecha yoyambira ya valve ikhoza kufunsidwa ngati gawo la oda yanu yogulira kapena mutha kupanga imodzi panthawi yoyeserera koyambira kuti ikhale yoyambira. Siginecha ya valve iyenera kuchitidwa pakutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valve. Kuwunika kwapamwamba kwa valve kuyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulipo. Izi zitha kukuthandizani ngati valavu yanu ikuwonongeka pofananiza siginecha zoyeserera zoyeserera ndi zowunikira ndi maziko anu. Mayesero amtunduwu angathandize kubweza kusayesa valavu pazovuta kwambiri zogwirira ntchito.
Siginecha ya valavu panthawi yoyeserera umboni imathanso kulemba nthawi yoyankha ndi masitampu anthawi, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa stopwatch. Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yoyankhira ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa valve ndi kuchuluka kwa kukangana kusuntha valavu. Ngakhale kuti palibe miyezo yokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yoyankhira ma valve, njira yolakwika ya kusintha kuchokera ku mayeso a umboni kupita ku umboni wotsimikizira kutayika kwa chitetezo cha valve ndi ntchito. Kuyesa kwamakono kwa ma valve a SIS kuyenera kukhala ndi siginecha ya valve ngati nkhani yaukadaulo wabwino.
Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwa chida cha valve kuyenera kuyesedwa panthawi yoyesa umboni. Ngakhale kuti kasupe wa valve wa valve yobwerera ku kasupe ndi yomwe imatseka valavu, mphamvu kapena torque yomwe ikukhudzidwa imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kasupe wa valve kumangirizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa valve (pa Lamulo la Hooke, F = kX). Ngati kupanikizika kwanu kuli kochepa, kasupe sangapanikizike kwambiri, choncho mphamvu yochepa idzakhalapo kuti musunthe valavu ikafunika. Ngakhale siziphatikizidwe, zina mwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga gawo la valavu ya njira yoyesera umboni zaperekedwa mu Gulu 2.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-13-2019
